An SME is a company whose workforce does not exceed 250 people and whose annual turnover does not exceed 50 million euros, or whose balance sheet total does not exceed 43 million euros ( data concerning the turnover and the number of employees come from the small business redirect here.
In 2019, France has around 140,000 SMEs. 49% of employees in France work in an SME, or to a lesser extent, a VSE. This represents around 7,000,000 employees. SMEs are real nests for employment. In fact, over the past six months, more than 69% of them have recruited at least one new employee. This figure can be explained by the diverse and abundant activity of these companies but also, without doubt, by the amount of aid granted by the State to SMEs / VSEs, which has increased by 150% since 2003. Nevertheless, there appears to be a clear difficulty in recruiting for most SMEs, with more than 64% of them admitting to having already had problems finding a qualified or motivated employee. Unlike VSEs, which are too small, SMEs are also big investors in innovation, with more than 7 billion euros spent last year, or nearly 25% of spending on research and development by companies. in France. ETI the mid-size company is a company whose workforce does not exceed 5,000 people and whose annual turnover does not exceed 1.5 billion euros or whose balance sheet total does not exceed 2 billion d 'euros There are around 5,000 such small business companies in France. Big business As the name suggests, this is the corporate juggernaut category. All those that do not fit into the previous categories are so named. France has 274. It should be noted that France is ranked among the best countries for entrepreneurship. In 2018, for example, 691,000 companies were created, i.e. more than 17% compared to 2017. While VSEs and SMEs are breeding grounds for employment and, to a certain extent, for innovation, they are supported by the State through aid. Thus, a healthy process has been created over the years in France, which benefits the global economy as well as aspiring entrepreneurs. These companies share a centralization of management (generally around a single person), a more flexible structure than large companies and less human resource requirements which make them very competitive in small business. It is therefore neither surprising nor trivial that they represent the overwhelming majority of companies in France.
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According to Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED), the country had 1.18 million companies with employees in December 2017, of which nearly 98% had less than 100 employees of small bussiness. Of these, more than half (53.8%) had fewer than four employees, and almost three in four (73.4%) had fewer than nine. The proportions are similar in Quebec, a province in which there were 137,000 microenterprises (one to four employees) and 41,000 very small businesses (five to nine employees) in 2014, according to data from the Institut de la statistique of Quebec (ISQ) read here.
In addition, between 2010 and 2014, the average contribution to Canadian gross domestic product (GDP) of businesses with less than 100 employees was 38.4%. "It is important to publicize these figures to make people aware of the true nature of our economy," said Simon Gaudreault, senior director of national research at the Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB), which claims to be the largest association of SMEs in the country, with 110,000 members - a fifth in Quebec - 70% of which are companies with less than 10 employees. Even so, the importance of very small businesses is often underestimated. In fact, there is not even a consensus on the definition and official size of a “small business” in Canada. Among other things, because they are very heterogeneous. "These are companies present in all kinds of sectors and which have all kinds of ambitions", summarizes Stéphane Pronovost, head of research at the Economic Intelligence Directorate of Economic Development Canada. “It is almost impossible to classify them; they do not necessarily have management methods that can be immediately recognized. Their data is less easily accessible than for large companies, and much of a small company's resources are tied to the psychology of the executive. These are all reasons why there are so few studies on the subject, ”indicates Frédéric Laurin, professor of economics at the University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières (UQTR) and researcher at the 'Institute for Research on SMEs (INRPME). Some common points Looking by sector, we realize despite everything that five industries account for more than half (64.5%) of all jobs in small bussiness with 1 to 19 employees in Quebec: commerce (23%, or 222,000 employees), accommodation and food services (13.8%), health care and social assistance (11.2%), construction (8.5%) and manufacturing (8%). “We tend to see the size of a small business as a constraint, whereas it is the reflection of what it seeks to obtain,” adds Marc Duhamel, his colleague at UQTR and INRPME. "They should not be seen as companies that lack ambition or dynamism," argues Mr. Gaudreault. They offer local services that create life and jobs in the neighborhoods. ” Experienced men Despite their strong heterogeneity, the Institut de la statistique du Québec attempted to draw, in 2017, some outlines of the portrait of the leaders of small businesses in the province using data from the Survey on the financing and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in 2014. The Institute notably underlines that less than 15% of enterprises with 5 to 19 employees belong to women - a proportion which falls to less than 6% for all SMEs. The remainder is held by men, whether exclusively (62.2%), majority (12.2%) or equally (11.1%). In terms of education, the distribution is fairly balanced for this same type of business between high school graduates or lower (28.9%), college (33.4%) or university (37.8%). Note that in companies with 100 to 499 employees, the proportion of executives with a university degree climbs to 70.8%. Note also that more than three quarters of small business owners have more than 10 years of experience. Little wonder when we know that more than half (57.4%) of SME owners in Quebec are over 50 years old, and that only 16.9% are under 40 years old. Nearly 64% of Quebec SMEs were created more than 10 years ago, compared to 7.3% less than 2 years ago. This raises the question of the succession of these owner managers. “The takeover will be one of the major issues for Quebec over the next five to ten years,” notes Professor Duhamel. There are many opportunities to be seized in small bussiness, |